Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Damage in Middle-Aged Men

Vilma Dženkevičiūtė¹, Žaneta Petrulionienė², Virginijus Šapoka¹, Vytautas Kasiulevičius¹

¹Clinic of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, ²Clinic of Heart and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Lithuania

Key words: metabolic syndrome; pulse wave velocity; carotid artery intima media thickness; left ventricular mass index; erectile dysfunction.

Summary. Background and Objective. It has been proposed that the same cardiovascular risk (CV) factors predispose middle-aged men to the development of both coronary artery disease and erectile dysfunction (ED). Moreover, several recently published studies have identified ED as a possible early marker of CV disease. The aim of this particular study was to evaluate the association between ED and early asymptomatic heart and vascular damage in middle-aged men with CV risk factors.

Material and Methods. In this case-control study, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was employed to assess the erectile function of the study participants and to allocate them either into the ED group (N=21; mean IIEF score, 18.15 [SD, 2.54]; mean age, 48.2 years [SD, 4.4]) or the control group (N=24; mean IIEF score, 23.45 [SD, 0.99]; mean age, 46.8 years [SD, 3.1]). Additionally, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, pulse pressure, carotid intima media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaque count were determined, and echocardiography was performed in every subject.

Results. The mean IMT and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of both carotid arteries in the ED group were significantly higher when compared with controls (598.57 vs. 535.54 mm·10^–3, P=0.03, and 107.26 vs. 98.67 g/m², P=0.04, respectively). Using multiple regression analysis, an independent association between the IIEF score and the LVMI was found (P=0.002). No significant differences in the results of pulse wave velocity, atherosclerotic plaque count, and other laboratory tests were found between the 2 study groups.

Conclusions. The study suggests that ED is associated with a higher LVMI and may be an early marker of CV disease.

Correspondence to V. Dženkevičiūtė, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Family Medicine, Santariškių 2, 08611 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: vilma.dzenkeviciute@santa.lt

Received 29 July 2013, accepted 30 December 2013